В данной статье я приведу примеры оптимизации сервера приложений под linux. Важной целью для улучшения производительности является правка файла настроек linux. Нас интересует настройки стека tcp/ip. Файл находится по пути /etc/sysctl.conf.
Замените содержимое файла на
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Disables packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward=0 # Disables IP source routing net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Enable IP spoofing protection, turn on source route verification net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 # Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 0 # Disables IP source routing net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Enable IP spoofing protection, turn on source route verification net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 # Disables the magic-sysrq key kernel.sysrq = 0 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800 # Turn off the tcp_window_scaling net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 0 # Turn off the tcp_sack net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0 # Turn off the tcp_timestamps net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 # Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Enable ignoring broadcasts request net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Enable bad error message Protection net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1 # Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1 # Increases the size of the socket queue (effectively, q0). net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024 # Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1440000
Далее в файлах upstream php-fpm (/etc/php-fpm.d/*) предлагаются на выбор статический и динамический режимы работы. Для экономии памяти лучше выбирать динамический. Также нужно рассчитать количество процессов php-fpm на основе количества оперативной памяти Вашего сервера. Делается это по формуле
(«Общее количество памяти» — «Память необходимых сторонних процессов»)/»Среднее количество памяти для одного процесса php-fpm»
Память необходимых сторонних процессов — это количество памяти расходуемое на работу без запуска php-fpm (память на работу nginx и.т.д.). Обычно это не более 100-200Мб.
Среднее количество памяти для одного процесса php-fpm — вычисляется как среднее от пикового значения при работе php-fpm и количества памяти при холостом ходе php-fpm процесса. Обычно это не более 50-120 МБ.
Таким образом для сервера с 2Гб оперативной памяти количество процессов равно (2048М — 200Мб)/80Мб = 23,1 Поэтому в конфиге укажем pm.max_children 20 процессов.
Далее необходимо выбрать минимальное и максимальное количество процессов на холостом ходу. Лучше выбирать 1/4 как минимальное количество pm.min_spare_servers = 5. Максимальное значнеие — половина от общего количества процессов. Таким образом для сервера с 2 Гб памяти лучше указать pm.max_spare_servers = 10. Начальное количество процессов лучше выбирать равным максимальному количеству. Таким образом pm.start_servers = 10. Такие настройки помогут компенсировать время на разворачивание процессов при перезагрузке сервера. Если происходят зависания при долгой работе, то необходимо pm.min_spare_servers, pm.max_spare_servers, pm.start_servers пропорционально снизить до 1/6, 1/10, 1/14, 1/20 (подобрать значения) от общего количества процессов. Значение количества обработанных запросов перед обновлением процесса лучше выяснять на опыте. Но предподчтительнее использовать настройку pm.max_requests = 500
Общий вид конфига
; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www0]
; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'slowlog'
; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'
; - 'chdir'
; - 'php_values'
; - 'php_admin_values'
; When not set, the global prefix (or /usr) applies instead.
; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
; Default Value: none
;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool
; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
; a specific port;
; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
; specific port;
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.
; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
listen.backlog = 65536
; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
; mode is set to 0666
listen.owner = www
listen.group = www
listen.mode = 0600
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = www
group = www
; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
; following directives:
; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can
; be alive at the same time.
; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup.
; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is less than this
; number then some children will be created.
; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is greater than this
; number then some children will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic
; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'dynamic'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to either 'static' or 'dynamic'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 20
; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 10
; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
pm.max_requests = 500
; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. By default, the status page shows the following
; information:
; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool;
; pool - the name of the pool;
; process manager - static or dynamic;
; idle processes - the number of idle processes;
; active processes - the number of active processes;
; total processes - the number of idle + active processes.
; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
; when pm tries to start more children (works only for
; pm 'dynamic')
; The values of 'idle processes', 'active processes' and 'total processes' are
; updated each second. The value of 'accepted conn' is updated in real time.
; Example output:
; accepted conn: 12073
; pool: www
; process manager: static
; idle processes: 35
; active processes: 65
; total processes: 100
; max children reached: 1
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html' or 'json' as a query string will return the corresponding output
; syntax. Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
pm.status_path = /fpm-status-zwei
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
ping.path = /ping-zwei
; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
request_terminate_timeout = 0
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
; request_slowlog_timeout = 15s
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
; slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool.log.slow
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
rlimit_files = 65536
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
rlimit_core = 'unlimited'
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one
; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix
; will be used instead.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =
; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
chdir = /dataKM
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
catch_workers_output = yes
; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp
env[ORACLE_HOME] = /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib
env[LD_LIBRARY_PATH] = /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib
; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can
; be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
; PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.
; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.
; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix
; (pool, global or /usr)
; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
; specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M